Strategic Petroleum Reserves for Exams
Discover **Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR)**, India's emergency oil storage solution. Learn about rock cavern locations and capacity data to secure India's energy future.
The world's third largest oil consumer, India, relies heavily on importing crude oil. Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) function as a safety net against sudden supply crunches and price shocks.
Introduction & Concept Overview
The Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) managed by the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL) is a special purpose vehicle under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. These oil reserves are stored deep inside underground rock caverns, which are considered the safest and most economical way to store crude oil.
Complete List of SPR Locations
| Location | Capacity (MMT) | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) | 1.33 | First commissioned in June 2015 |
| Mangalore (Karnataka) | 1.5 | Commissioned in October 2016 |
| Padur (Karnataka) | 2.5 | Largest operational underground storage unit |
Historical Timeline & Evolution
The Union Cabinet approved a massive Phase II expansion plan after the Middle East crisis, introducing a commercial-cum-strategic model built on a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) framework. This will add an additional 6.5 MMT of storage volume at a project cost of ₹14,527 crores.
Key Facts & Figures to Memorize
- 5.33 MMT: Total storage capacity across three critical coastal locations under Phase I
- 9.5 days: Independent buffer of national crude demand provided by Phase I facilities
- 11.83 MMT: Total dedicated SPR capacity after Phase II completion
- 22 days: Expanded independent emergency crude cover after Phase II completion
Memory Tricks & Mnemonics
To remember the locations of SPR, use the phrase "VMP"
- Visakhapatnam, Mangalore, Padur.
Frequently Asked in Exams
- What is the purpose of Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) in India?
- How are SPR locations chosen and what are their capacities?
- What is the significance of Phase II expansion in SPR?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR)?
A: Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) is a special purpose vehicle under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, which functions as a safety net against sudden supply crunches and price shocks.
Q: Where are India's SPR locations?
A: India's SPR locations are Visakhapatnam, Mangalore, and Padur, with additional locations planned under Phase II expansion.
Q: What is the total storage capacity of SPR under Phase I?
A: The total storage capacity of SPR under Phase I is 5.33 MMT.
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